How do you implement Kubernetes cost optimization and resource efficiency strategies?

Kubernetes cost optimization requires comprehensive resource management, right-sizing, and efficient scheduling to minimize cloud infrastructure expenses while maintaining performance.\n\nCost Optimization Strategies:\n• Resource right-sizing: Match requests to actual usage\n• Vertical Pod Autoscaler: Automatic resource adjustment\n• Cluster autoscaling: Dynamic node provisioning\n• Spot instances: Use preemptible compute resources\n• Resource quotas: Prevent resource waste\n\nMonitoring and Analysis:\n• Cost allocation by namespace/team\n• Resource utilization tracking\n• Idle resource identification\n• Workload efficiency metrics\n• Cloud billing integration\n\nImplementation Tools:\n• Kubernetes Resource Recommender\n• Goldilocks: VPA recommendations\n• KubeCost: Cost monitoring and allocation\n• Cluster Proportional Autoscaler\n• Node problem detector\n\nExample Resource Optimization:\napiVersion: autoscaling.k8s.io/v1\nkind: VerticalPodAutoscaler\nmetadata:\n name: webapp-vpa\nspec:\n targetRef:\n apiVersion: apps/v1\n kind: Deployment\n name: webapp\n updatePolicy:\n updateMode: Auto\n\nBest Practices:\n• Set appropriate resource requests and limits\n• Use horizontal and vertical autoscaling\n• Implement resource quotas per namespace\n• Regular cost reviews and optimization\n• Choose appropriate instance types